Authenticate with Google on Android

You can let your users authenticate with Firebase using their Google Accounts.

Before you begin

  1. If you haven't already, add Firebase to your Android project.

  2. In your module (app-level) Gradle file (usually <project>/<app-module>/build.gradle.kts or <project>/<app-module>/build.gradle), add the dependency for the Firebase Authentication library for Android. We recommend using the Firebase Android BoM to control library versioning.

    Also, as part of setting up Firebase Authentication, you need to add the Credential Manager SDK to your app.

    dependencies {
    // Import the BoM for the Firebase platform
    implementation(platform("com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:33.9.0"))

    // Add the dependency for the Firebase Authentication library
    // When using the BoM, you don't specify versions in Firebase library dependencies
    implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-auth")
    
    // Also add the dependencies for the Credential Manager libraries and specify their versions
    implementation("androidx.credentials:credentials:1.3.0")
    implementation("androidx.credentials:credentials-play-services-auth:1.3.0")
    implementation("com.google.android.libraries.identity.googleid:googleid:1.1.1")    
}

    By using the Firebase Android BoM, your app will always use compatible versions of Firebase Android libraries.

    (Alternative)  Add Firebase library dependencies without using the BoM

    If you choose not to use the Firebase BoM, you must specify each Firebase library version in its dependency line.

    Note that if you use multiple Firebase libraries in your app, we strongly recommend using the BoM to manage library versions, which ensures that all versions are compatible. 

    dependencies {
    // Add the dependency for the Firebase Authentication library
    // When NOT using the BoM, you must specify versions in Firebase library dependencies
    implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:23.2.0")
    
    // Also add the dependencies for the Credential Manager libraries and specify their versions
    implementation("androidx.credentials:credentials:1.3.0")
    implementation("androidx.credentials:credentials-play-services-auth:1.3.0")
    implementation("com.google.android.libraries.identity.googleid:googleid:1.1.1")    
}
         Looking for a Kotlin-specific library module? Starting in October 2023 (Firebase BoM 32.5.0), both Kotlin and Java developers can depend on the main library module (for details, see the FAQ about this initiative).

  3. If you haven't yet specified your app's SHA fingerprint, do so from the Settings page of the Firebase console. Refer to Authenticating Your Client for details on how to get your app's SHA fingerprint.

  4. Enable Google as a sign-in method in the Firebase console:
    1. In the Firebase console, open the Auth section.
    2. On the Sign in method tab, enable the Google sign-in method and click Save.

  5. When prompted in the console, download the updated Firebase config file (google-services.json), which now contains the OAuth client information required for Google sign-in.

  6. Move this updated config file into your Android Studio project, replacing the now-outdated corresponding config file. (See Add Firebase to your Android project.)

Authenticate with Firebase

  1. Integrate Sign in with Google into your app by following the steps in the Credential Manager documentation. Here are the high-level instructions:
    1. Instantiate a Google sign in request using GetGoogleIdOption. Then, create the Credential Manager request using GetCredentialRequest:

      Kotlin

      // Instantiate a Google sign-in request
val googleIdOption = GetGoogleIdOption.Builder()
    // Your server's client ID, not your Android client ID.
    .setServerClientId(getString(R.string.default_web_client_id))
    // Only show accounts previously used to sign in.
    .setFilterByAuthorizedAccounts(true)
    .build()

// Create the Credential Manager request
val request = GetCredentialRequest.Builder()
    .addCredentialOption(googleIdOption)
    .build()
      GoogleSignInActivity.kt

      Java

      // Instantiate a Google sign-in request
GetGoogleIdOption googleIdOption = new GetGoogleIdOption.Builder()
        .setFilterByAuthorizedAccounts(true)
        .setServerClientId(getString(R.string.default_web_client_id))
        .build();

// Create the Credential Manager request
GetCredentialRequest request = new GetCredentialRequest.Builder()
        .addCredentialOption(googleIdOption)
        .build();
      GoogleSignInActivity.java

      In the request above, you must pass your "server" client ID to the setServerClientId method. To find the OAuth 2.0 client ID:

      1. Open the Credentials page in the Google Cloud console.
      2. The Web application type client ID is your backend server's OAuth 2.0 client ID.
    2. Check that after you integrate Sign in with Google, your sign-in activity has code similar to the following:

      Kotlin

      private fun handleSignIn(credential: Credential) {
    // Check if credential is of type Google ID
    if (credential is CustomCredential && credential.type == TYPE_GOOGLE_ID_TOKEN_CREDENTIAL) {
        // Create Google ID Token
        val googleIdTokenCredential = GoogleIdTokenCredential.createFrom(credential.data)

        // Sign in to Firebase with using the token
        firebaseAuthWithGoogle(googleIdTokenCredential.idToken)
    } else {
        Log.w(TAG, "Credential is not of type Google ID!")
    }
}
      GoogleSignInActivity.kt

      Java

      private void handleSignIn(Credential credential) {
    // Check if credential is of type Google ID
    if (credential instanceof CustomCredential customCredential
            && credential.getType().equals(TYPE_GOOGLE_ID_TOKEN_CREDENTIAL)) {
        // Create Google ID Token
        Bundle credentialData = customCredential.getData();
        GoogleIdTokenCredential googleIdTokenCredential = GoogleIdTokenCredential.createFrom(credentialData);

        // Sign in to Firebase with using the token
        firebaseAuthWithGoogle(googleIdTokenCredential.getIdToken());
    } else {
        Log.w(TAG, "Credential is not of type Google ID!");
    }
}
      GoogleSignInActivity.java
  2. In your sign-in activity's onCreate method, get the shared instance of the FirebaseAuth object:

    Kotlin

    private lateinit var auth: FirebaseAuth
// ...
// Initialize Firebase Auth
auth = Firebase.auth
    GoogleSignInActivity.kt

    Java

    private FirebaseAuth mAuth;
// ...
// Initialize Firebase Auth
mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
    GoogleSignInActivity.java
  3. When initializing your Activity, check to see if the user is currently signed in:

    Kotlin

    override fun onStart() {
    super.onStart()
    // Check if user is signed in (non-null) and update UI accordingly.
    val currentUser = auth.currentUser
    updateUI(currentUser)
}
    GoogleSignInActivity.kt

    Java

    @Override
public void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    // Check if user is signed in (non-null) and update UI accordingly.
    FirebaseUser currentUser = mAuth.getCurrentUser();
    updateUI(currentUser);
}
    GoogleSignInActivity.java
  4. Now get the user's Google ID token created in step 1, exchange it for a Firebase credential, and authenticate with Firebase using the Firebase credential:

    Kotlin

    private fun firebaseAuthWithGoogle(idToken: String) {
    val credential = GoogleAuthProvider.getCredential(idToken, null)
    auth.signInWithCredential(credential)
        .addOnCompleteListener(this) { task ->
            if (task.isSuccessful) {
                // Sign in success, update UI with the signed-in user's information
                Log.d(TAG, "signInWithCredential:success")
                val user = auth.currentUser
                updateUI(user)
            } else {
                // If sign in fails, display a message to the user
                Log.w(TAG, "signInWithCredential:failure", task.exception)
                updateUI(null)
            }
        }
}
    GoogleSignInActivity.kt

    Java

    private void firebaseAuthWithGoogle(String idToken) {
    AuthCredential credential = GoogleAuthProvider.getCredential(idToken, null);
    mAuth.signInWithCredential(credential)
            .addOnCompleteListener(this, task -> {
                if (task.isSuccessful()) {
                    // Sign in success, update UI with the signed-in user's information
                    Log.d(TAG, "signInWithCredential:success");
                    FirebaseUser user = mAuth.getCurrentUser();
                    updateUI(user);
                } else {
                    // If sign in fails, display a message to the user
                    Log.w(TAG, "signInWithCredential:failure", task.getException());
                    updateUI(null);
                }
            });
}
    GoogleSignInActivity.java
    If the call to signInWithCredential succeeds you can use the getCurrentUser method to get the user's account data.

Next steps

After a user signs in for the first time, a new user account is created and linked to the credentials—that is, the user name and password, phone number, or auth provider information—the user signed in with. This new account is stored as part of your Firebase project, and can be used to identify a user across every app in your project, regardless of how the user signs in.

  • In your apps, you can get the user's basic profile information from the FirebaseUser object. See Manage Users.

  • In your Firebase Realtime Database and Cloud Storage Security Rules, you can get the signed-in user's unique user ID from the auth variable, and use it to control what data a user can access.

You can allow users to sign in to your app using multiple authentication providers by linking auth provider credentials to an existing user account.

To sign out a user, call signOut. You also need to clear the current user credential state from all credential providers, as recommended by the Credential Manager documentation:

Kotlin

private fun signOut() {
    // Firebase sign out
    auth.signOut()

    // When a user signs out, clear the current user credential state from all credential providers.
    lifecycleScope.launch {
        try {
            val clearRequest = ClearCredentialStateRequest()
            credentialManager.clearCredentialState(clearRequest)
            updateUI(null)
        } catch (e: ClearCredentialException) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't clear user credentials: ${e.localizedMessage}")
        }
    }
}
GoogleSignInActivity.kt

Java

private void signOut() {
    // Firebase sign out
    mAuth.signOut();

    // When a user signs out, clear the current user credential state from all credential providers.
    ClearCredentialStateRequest clearRequest = new ClearCredentialStateRequest();
    credentialManager.clearCredentialStateAsync(
            clearRequest,
            new CancellationSignal(),
            Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
            new CredentialManagerCallback<>() {
                @Override
                public void onResult(@NonNull Void result) {
                    updateUI(null);
                }

                @Override
                public void onError(@NonNull ClearCredentialException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't clear user credentials: " + e.getLocalizedMessage());
                }
            });
}
GoogleSignInActivity.java