Cloud Firestore locations

Before you use Cloud Firestore, you must choose a location for your database. To reduce latency and increase availability, store your data close to the users and services that need it. This location setting is your project's default Google Cloud Platform (GCP) resource location.

Note that your default GCP resource location might have been previously set, either during project creation or when setting up another service that requires a location setting (see below).

Default GCP resource location

Several services available for your app require a location setting, called your project's default Google Cloud Platform (GCP) resource location. This location is where your data is stored for GCP services that require a location setting.

The following products share the same default GCP resource location:

  • Cloud Firestore
    Note that your default GCP resource location does not apply to Firebase Realtime Database.

  • Cloud Storage
    Note that your default GCP resource location only applies to your default Cloud Storage bucket. If you're on the Blaze plan, you can create multiple buckets, each with its own location.

  • Google App Engine (GAE) app
    If you set up an App Engine app, its location shares your default GCP resource location. Note that if you use Cloud Scheduler (for example, to run scheduled functions), you're required to have an App Engine app in your project.

Types of locations

You can store your Cloud Firestore data in a multi-region location or a regional location.

Note that if you already have an App Engine app with a location of either us-central or europe-west, your Cloud Firestore database will be considered multi-regional.

Multi-region locations

Select a multi-region location to maximize the availability and durability of your database.

A multi-region location consists of a defined set of regions where multiple replicas of the database are stored. Each replica is either a read-write replica which contains all of the data in the database or a witness replica which does not maintain a full set of data but participates in replication.

By replicating the data between multiple regions, data can continue to be served even with the loss of an entire region. Within a region, data is replicated across zones so that data can continue to be served within that region even with the loss of a zone.

Firebase supports the following multi-region GCP resource locations:
Multi-Region Name Multi-Region Description Read-Write Regions Witness Region
eur3 Europe europe-west1 (Belgium), europe-west4 (Netherlands) europe-north1 (Finland)
nam5 United States us-central1 (Iowa), us-central2 (Oklahoma—private GCP region) us-east1 (South Carolina)

Regional locations

A regional location is a specific geographic place, such as South Carolina. Data in a regional location is replicated in multiple zones within a region. All regional locations are separated from other regional locations by at least 100 miles.

Select a regional location for lower costs, for lower write latency if your application is sensitive to latency, or for co-location with other GCP resources.

Firebase supports the following regional GCP resource locations:
Region NameRegion Description
North America
us-west1Oregon
us-west2Los Angeles
us-west3Salt Lake City
us-west4Las Vegas
northamerica-northeast1Montréal

northamerica-northeast2

Toronto
us-east1South Carolina
us-east4Northern Virginia
South America
southamerica-east1São Paulo
Europe
europe-west2London

europe-west1

Belgium

europe-west4

Netherlands

europe-west9

Paris
europe-west3Frankfurt
europe-central2Warsaw
europe-west6Zürich
Middle East

me-central1

Doha

me-central2

Dammam

me-west1

Tel Aviv
Asia
asia-south1Mumbai

asia-south2

This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location.

Delhi
asia-southeast1Singapore
asia-southeast2Jakarta
asia-east2Hong Kong
asia-east1Taiwan
asia-northeast1Tokyo
asia-northeast2Osaka
asia-northeast3Seoul
Australia
australia-southeast1Sydney

australia-southeast2

This location does not support Cloud Storage for Firebase. If you plan to use Cloud Storage for Firebase, you should choose a different location.

Melbourne

Location SLA

Your Cloud Firestore location type determines the Service Level Agreement (SLA) uptime percentage:

Covered Service Monthly Uptime Percentage
Cloud Firestore Multi-Region >= 99.999%
Cloud Firestore Regional >= 99.99%

Location Pricing

Your Cloud Firestore location determines the cost of database operations.

For a comprehensive explanation of pricing per region and per region type, see Understand Cloud Firestore billing.

View your project's location settings

In the Firebase console, go to your Project settings.

Next steps

  • For more information about building applications to meet your latency, availability, and durability requirements, refer to Geography and Regions.