使用 AutoML Vision Edge 訓練專屬模型後,即可在應用程式中使用該模型為圖片加上標籤。
整合透過 AutoML Vision Edge 訓練的模型有兩種方式。您可以將模型檔案複製到 Xcode 專案中,藉此將模型套裝組合,也可以從 Firebase 動態下載模型。
模型搭售方案 | |
---|---|
應用程式內建 |
|
託管於 Firebase |
|
事前準備
在 Podfile 中加入 ML Kit 程式庫:
如要將模型與應用程式組合:
pod 'GoogleMLKit/ImageLabelingCustom'
如要從 Firebase 動態下載模型,請新增
LinkFirebase
依附元件:pod 'GoogleMLKit/ImageLabelingCustom' pod 'GoogleMLKit/LinkFirebase'
安裝或更新專案的 Pod 後,請使用
.xcworkspace
開啟 Xcode 專案。Xcode 12.2 以上版本支援 ML Kit。如要下載模型,請務必將 Firebase 新增至 Android 專案 (如果尚未新增)。如果將模型套裝組合,則不需要這麼做。
1. 載入模型
設定本機模型來源
如要將模型與應用程式組合,請按照下列步驟操作:
從您從 Firebase 控制台下載的 ZIP 封存檔中,將模型及其相關中繼資料解壓縮至資料夾:
your_model_directory |____dict.txt |____manifest.json |____model.tflite
這三個檔案必須位於同一個資料夾中。建議您使用下載的檔案,不要修改檔案 (包括檔案名稱)。
將資料夾複製到 Xcode 專案,並務必選取「Create folder references」(建立資料夾參照)。模型檔案和中繼資料會納入應用程式套件,供 ML Kit 使用。
建立
LocalModel
物件,指定模型資訊清單檔案的路徑:Swift
guard let manifestPath = Bundle.main.path( forResource: "manifest", ofType: "json", inDirectory: "your_model_directory" ) else { return true } let localModel = LocalModel(manifestPath: manifestPath)
Objective-C
NSString *manifestPath = [NSBundle.mainBundle pathForResource:@"manifest" ofType:@"json" inDirectory:@"your_model_directory"]; MLKLocalModel *localModel = [[MLKLocalModel alloc] initWithManifestPath:manifestPath];
設定 Firebase 託管的模型來源
如要使用遠端代管模型,請建立 CustomRemoteModel
物件,並指定您發布模型時指派的名稱:
Swift
// Initialize the model source with the name you assigned in
// the Firebase console.
let remoteModelSource = FirebaseModelSource(name: "your_remote_model")
let remoteModel = CustomRemoteModel(remoteModelSource: remoteModelSource)
Objective-C
// Initialize the model source with the name you assigned in
// the Firebase console.
MLKFirebaseModelSource *firebaseModelSource =
[[MLKFirebaseModelSource alloc] initWithName:@"your_remote_model"];
MLKCustomRemoteModel *remoteModel =
[[MLKCustomRemoteModel alloc] initWithRemoteModelSource:firebaseModelSource];
接著啟動模型下載工作,並指定允許下載的條件。如果裝置上沒有模型,或是有更新版本的模型可用,工作會從 Firebase 非同步下載模型:
Swift
let downloadConditions = ModelDownloadConditions(
allowsCellularAccess: true,
allowsBackgroundDownloading: true
)
let downloadProgress = ModelManager.modelManager().download(
remoteModel,
conditions: downloadConditions
)
Objective-C
MLKModelDownloadConditions *downloadConditions =
[[MLKModelDownloadConditions alloc] initWithAllowsCellularAccess:YES
allowsBackgroundDownloading:YES];
NSProgress *downloadProgress =
[[MLKModelManager modelManager] downloadRemoteModel:remoteModel
conditions:downloadConditions];
許多應用程式會在初始化程式碼中啟動下載工作,但您可以在需要使用模型前的任何時間點執行這項操作。
從模型建立圖片標籤器
設定模型來源後,請從其中一個來源建立 ImageLabeler
物件。
如果您只有在本機封裝的模型,只要從 LocalModel
物件建立標籤器,並設定您想要求的信賴度分數門檻即可 (請參閱「評估模型」):
Swift
let options = CustomImageLabelerOptions(localModel: localModel)
options.confidenceThreshold = NSNumber(value: 0.0) // Evaluate your model in the Cloud console
// to determine an appropriate value.
let imageLabeler = ImageLabeler.imageLabeler(options)
Objective-C
CustomImageLabelerOptions *options =
[[CustomImageLabelerOptions alloc] initWithLocalModel:localModel];
options.confidenceThreshold = @(0.0f); // Evaluate your model in the Cloud console
// to determine an appropriate value.
MLKImageLabeler *imageLabeler =
[MLKImageLabeler imageLabelerWithOptions:options];
如果您使用遠端代管模型,請務必先檢查模型是否已下載,再執行模型。您可以使用模型管理工具的 isModelDownloaded(remoteModel:)
方法,檢查模型下載工作的狀態。
雖然您只需要在執行標籤器前確認這項設定,但如果您同時有遠端代管模型和本機模型,在例項化 ImageLabeler
時執行這項檢查可能會有意義:如果已下載遠端模型,請從遠端模型建立標籤器,否則請從本機模型建立。
Swift
var options: CustomImageLabelerOptions
if (ModelManager.modelManager().isModelDownloaded(remoteModel)) {
options = CustomImageLabelerOptions(remoteModel: remoteModel)
} else {
options = CustomImageLabelerOptions(localModel: localModel)
}
options.confidenceThreshold = NSNumber(value: 0.0) // Evaluate your model in the Firebase console
// to determine an appropriate value.
let imageLabeler = ImageLabeler.imageLabeler(options: options)
Objective-C
MLKCustomImageLabelerOptions *options;
if ([[MLKModelManager modelManager] isModelDownloaded:remoteModel]) {
options = [[MLKCustomImageLabelerOptions alloc] initWithRemoteModel:remoteModel];
} else {
options = [[MLKCustomImageLabelerOptions alloc] initWithLocalModel:localModel];
}
options.confidenceThreshold = @(0.0f); // Evaluate your model in the Firebase console
// to determine an appropriate value.
MLKImageLabeler *imageLabeler =
[MLKImageLabeler imageLabelerWithOptions:options];
如果只有遠端託管模型,您應停用模型相關功能 (例如將部分 UI 設為灰色或隱藏),直到確認模型已下載為止。
您可以將觀察器附加至預設的通知中心,取得模型下載狀態。請務必在觀察器區塊中使用對 self
的弱參照,因為下載作業可能需要一些時間,而原始物件可能會在下載完成前釋出。例如:
Swift
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
forName: .mlkitMLModelDownloadDidSucceed,
object: nil,
queue: nil
) { [weak self] notification in
guard let strongSelf = self,
let userInfo = notification.userInfo,
let model = userInfo[ModelDownloadUserInfoKey.remoteModel.rawValue]
as? RemoteModel,
model.name == "your_remote_model"
else { return }
// The model was downloaded and is available on the device
}
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
forName: .mlkitMLModelDownloadDidFail,
object: nil,
queue: nil
) { [weak self] notification in
guard let strongSelf = self,
let userInfo = notification.userInfo,
let model = userInfo[ModelDownloadUserInfoKey.remoteModel.rawValue]
as? RemoteModel
else { return }
let error = userInfo[ModelDownloadUserInfoKey.error.rawValue]
// ...
}
Objective-C
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
[NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter
addObserverForName:MLKModelDownloadDidSucceedNotification
object:nil
queue:nil
usingBlock:^(NSNotification *_Nonnull note) {
if (weakSelf == nil | note.userInfo == nil) {
return;
}
__strong typeof(self) strongSelf = weakSelf;
MLKRemoteModel *model = note.userInfo[MLKModelDownloadUserInfoKeyRemoteModel];
if ([model.name isEqualToString:@"your_remote_model"]) {
// The model was downloaded and is available on the device
}
}];
[NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter
addObserverForName:MLKModelDownloadDidFailNotification
object:nil
queue:nil
usingBlock:^(NSNotification *_Nonnull note) {
if (weakSelf == nil | note.userInfo == nil) {
return;
}
__strong typeof(self) strongSelf = weakSelf;
NSError *error = note.userInfo[MLKModelDownloadUserInfoKeyError];
}];
2. 準備輸入圖片
使用 UIImage
或 CMSampleBufferRef
建立 VisionImage
物件。
如果你使用 UIImage
,請按照下列步驟操作:
- 使用
UIImage
建立VisionImage
物件。請務必指定正確的.orientation
。Swift
let image = VisionImage(image: uiImage) visionImage.orientation = image.imageOrientation
Objective-C
MLKVisionImage *visionImage = [[MLKVisionImage alloc] initWithImage:image]; visionImage.orientation = image.imageOrientation;
如果你使用 CMSampleBufferRef
,請按照下列步驟操作:
-
指定
CMSampleBufferRef
緩衝區中圖片資料的方向。如要取得圖片方向,請執行下列操作:
Swift
func imageOrientation( deviceOrientation: UIDeviceOrientation, cameraPosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position ) -> UIImage.Orientation { switch deviceOrientation { case .portrait: return cameraPosition == .front ? .leftMirrored : .right case .landscapeLeft: return cameraPosition == .front ? .downMirrored : .up case .portraitUpsideDown: return cameraPosition == .front ? .rightMirrored : .left case .landscapeRight: return cameraPosition == .front ? .upMirrored : .down case .faceDown, .faceUp, .unknown: return .up } }
Objective-C
- (UIImageOrientation) imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:(UIDeviceOrientation)deviceOrientation cameraPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)cameraPosition { switch (deviceOrientation) { case UIDeviceOrientationPortrait: return position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored : UIImageOrientationRight; case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft: return position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationDownMirrored : UIImageOrientationUp; case UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown: return position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationRightMirrored : UIImageOrientationLeft; case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight: return position == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationUpMirrored : UIImageOrientationDown; case UIDeviceOrientationUnknown: case UIDeviceOrientationFaceUp: case UIDeviceOrientationFaceDown: return UIImageOrientationUp; } }
- 使用
CMSampleBufferRef
物件和方向建立VisionImage
物件:Swift
let image = VisionImage(buffer: sampleBuffer) image.orientation = imageOrientation( deviceOrientation: UIDevice.current.orientation, cameraPosition: cameraPosition)
Objective-C
MLKVisionImage *image = [[MLKVisionImage alloc] initWithBuffer:sampleBuffer]; image.orientation = [self imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:UIDevice.currentDevice.orientation cameraPosition:cameraPosition];
3. 執行圖片標籤器
非同步:
Swift
imageLabeler.process(image) { labels, error in
guard error == nil, let labels = labels, !labels.isEmpty else {
// Handle the error.
return
}
// Show results.
}
Objective-C
[imageLabeler
processImage:image
completion:^(NSArray<MLKImageLabel *> *_Nullable labels,
NSError *_Nullable error) {
if (label.count == 0) {
// Handle the error.
return;
}
// Show results.
}];
同步:
Swift
var labels: [ImageLabel]
do {
labels = try imageLabeler.results(in: image)
} catch let error {
// Handle the error.
return
}
// Show results.
Objective-C
NSError *error;
NSArray<MLKImageLabel *> *labels =
[imageLabeler resultsInImage:image error:&error];
// Show results or handle the error.
4. 取得標示物件的相關資訊
如果圖片標籤作業成功,系統會傳回 ImageLabel
陣列。每個 ImageLabel
都代表圖片中標示的項目。您可以取得每個標籤的文字說明 (如果 TensorFlow Lite 模型檔案的中繼資料提供這項資訊)、信賴分數和索引。例如:
Swift
for label in labels {
let labelText = label.text
let confidence = label.confidence
let index = label.index
}
Objective-C
for (MLKImageLabel *label in labels) {
NSString *labelText = label.text;
float confidence = label.confidence;
NSInteger index = label.index;
}
提升即時成效的訣竅
如要在即時應用程式中標記圖片,請按照下列規範操作,以達到最佳影格速率:
- 節流對偵測器的呼叫。如果偵測器執行期間有新的影片影格可用,請捨棄該影格。
- 如果您要使用偵測器的輸出內容,在輸入圖片上疊加圖像,請先取得結果,然後在單一步驟中算繪圖片並疊加圖像。這樣做的話,每個輸入影格只會轉譯到顯示表面一次。如需範例,請參閱展示範例應用程式中的 previewOverlayView 和 FIRDetectionOverlayView 類別。